党的十八大做出了"大力推进生态文明建设"战略决策,强调要把生态文明建设摆在社会主义现代化建设的突出位置,为人民福祉、民族未来绘出了美丽蓝图。生态文明建设首先是保护环境,而海洋环境民事公益诉讼作为环境司法保护制度的重要组成部分,已经从迷茫阶段走向了快速发展阶段,具有了向良性转变的积极内涵。海洋环境民事公益诉讼是保护海洋生态环境的应对机制,然而目前还存在着起诉主体不明确、诉讼中举证责任不合理、公众参与不足、海洋环境受损鉴定困难等问题,表明海洋环境民事公益诉讼在案件受理阶段、诉讼中权利义务的划分问题、诉讼中技术的应用都受到阻碍。引发这些问题的深层次原因既涉及到司法解释的不精确,又涉及到立法体系的不协调,还与科技应用司法领域不足有关。因此,在剖析公益诉讼在海洋环境公益损害中应用的典型案例的基础上,同时借鉴国内外的先进经验提出要明确起诉主体、确立举证责任、提高公众的参与度等优化海洋环境民事公益诉讼制度的路径。

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a strategic decision to “vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization”,emphasizing that the construction of ecological civilization should be placed in a prominent position in the construction of socialist modernization, drawing a beautiful blueprint for the welfare of the people and the future of the nation.The priority of ecological civilization construction is environmental protection.Meanwhile, marine environmental civil public interest litigation, being an important part of the environmental judicial protection system, has moved from the confused stage to the rapid development stage, and has the positive connotation of a benign transition.Marine environmental civil public interest litigation is a responding mechanism to protect the marine ecological environment. However, there still exist problems such as the unclear subject of the prosecution, unreasonable burden of proof in litigation, and difficulty in identifying damage to the marine environment, which indicates that the marine environmental civil public interest litigation is face with obstacles in thestage of case acceptance, in the division of rights and obligations during litigation and in the application of technology in litigation.The deep-seated reasons for these problems involve not only the imprecision of judicial interpretation, but also the incoordination of the legislative systemand the lack of judicial application of science and technology.Therefore, on the premise of analyzing typical cases and comparing domestic and foreign legal systems, on the basis of analyzing the application of public interest litigation in marine environmental public interest damage, it is proposed to clarify the prosecution subject, establish the burden of proof, and increase public participation.To optimize the marine environmental civil public interest litigation system.