生成式人工智能的商业化应用显著降低了虚假信息生成与传播的成本，相关风险呈现规模化、隐秘化特征，对传统刑法理论与规制体系形成多重挑战，集中体现为责任主体界定困难、因果关系因算法黑箱难以认定、主观罪过认定缺乏判断标准。当前处于弱人工智能阶段，应采纳“限制肯定说”,将刑事责任归属于技术开发者、服务提供者与终端使用者，不赋予生成式人工智能刑事主体资格，同时明确虚假信息传播环节三方主体的刑事责任。以危险现实化理论重构因果关系判断规则，区分虚假信息自动生成与被动生成场景，分别适用直接现实型与间接现实型路径。以新过失论为核心，明确不同主体的注意义务体系，妥当认定主观过错，避免责任真空与归责失衡。通过理论重构与类型化规制，实现对生成式人工智能虚假信息的有效治理，兼顾风险防控与技术创新发展。

The commercial application of generative artificial intelligence has significantly reduced the costs of generating and disseminating disinformation, with associated risks exhibiting characteristics of scalability and concealment.This poses multiple challenges to traditional criminal law theory and regulatory frameworks, which are manifested primarily in three aspects: the difficulty in identifying responsible subjects, the challenge in establishing causality due to the algorithmic black box, and the lack of clear standards for determining subjective culpability.Given that the current stage is weak artificial intelligence, the limited affirmative theory should be adopted, attributing criminal liability to technology developers, service providers, and end-users rather than conferring criminal subject qualification upon generative artificial intelligence itself.Concurrently, the criminal liability of the three categories of subjects in the disinformation dissemination chain should be clarified.The danger actualization theory should be employed to reconstruct the rules for causality determination, distinguishing between scenarios of automatic generation and passive generation of disinformation, with the direct actualization type and indirect actualization type paths applied respectively.Centered on the new theory of negligence, the duty of care system for different subjects should be clarified, subjective fault properly determined, and liability vacuums and attribution imbalances avoided.Through theoretical reconstruction and typological regulation, effective governance of disinformation generated by generative artificial intelligence can be achieved, while balancing risk prevention and control with technological innovation and development.