新《公司法》第一百九十一条首次确立了董事对第三人的直接赔偿责任，此举标志着董事责任由传统的“内部性”向“外部化”的重大演进。然而，该条款在赋予第三人新型救济路径的同时，其性质界定的困难、构成要件的抽象性及适用边界的模糊性，亦引发了理论与实务界的广泛争议。该研究认为，该条所构建的董事第三人责任在性质上应界定为董事因职务行为直接构成的特殊侵权责任，而非对公司债务的补充赔偿责任或连带赔偿责任。其构成要件应在一般侵权法理基础上进行类型化限缩解释。在责任边界上，应审慎区分董事的经营判断失误与侵权行为，防止责任泛化。以期为完善公司治理结构、保障第三人权益提供参考。

Article 191 of the New Company Law establishes, for the first time, directors′ direct compensation liability to third parties, marking a significant evolution of directors′ liability from its traditional “internal” nature to an “external” dimension.However, while this provision grants third parties a novel remedial path, the abstract nature of its constitutive elements and the ambiguity of its applicable boundaries have raised extensive theoretical and practical concerns.The present study argues that the directors′ third-party liability constructed under this article should be defined as a special tort liability directly constituted by directors′ personal acts in the course of their duties, rather than a supplementary or joint liability for corporate debts.Its constitutive elements should be interpreted in a categorized and restrictive manner based on general tort law principles.Regarding the boundaries of liability, a careful distinction must be made between directors′ business judgment errors and tortious acts to prevent the overextension of liability.This study aims to provide insights for improving corporate governance structures and safeguarding the rights and interests of third parties.